Skin Absorption (and Percutanous Absorption)
An important piece of information for both effectiveness and safety is the degree to which ingredients absorb into or through the skin (percutaneous means "through the skin"). Ideally, very little of a skin care formulation passes through the skin to the bloodstream. It is desirable however that a certain amount does penetrate the top-most layers of skin, the stratum corneum and epidermis.
The results below show that very little Oxofulleram, being a lipophilic compound, enters the dermis, and no measurable amount at all passes the dermis. A small amount does enter into and protect the stratum corneum and epidermis.
Description of Study and Results
Study with 6 fresh viable skin samples from one donor at 20 times recommended usage level of 0.3% formulation. Analysis performed using HPLC-MS. Stratum corneum (5 tape strips, cumulative): 0.85% SD 0.68; Epidermis: 0.15% SD 0.08; Dermis: 0.07% SD 0.02; Receptor Fluid, 8 hr and 24 hr collection points: All below detection limit, corresponding to less than 0.004% absorption. 0.004% of formulation corresponds to 0.9 ng/kg (70 kg average weight) per day at recommended usage level of 6 drops on face per day.
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